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About the Book This Enterprise Architecture Good Practices Guide is based on IFEAD's well known sets of EA guides that are published over the years and enhanced on feedback from users. Enterprise Architecture Good Practices Guide: How to manage the Enterprise Architecture Practice. The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance to organization's in initiating, developing, using, and maintaining their enterprise architecture (EA) practice. This guide offers a set of Enterprise Architecture Good Practices that have proven their benefits to organizations and that addresses an end-to-end process to initiate, implement, and sustain an EA program, and describes the necessary roles and associated responsibilities for a successful EA program. Enterprise Architecture is a complete expression of the enterprise; a master plan which “acts as a collaboration force” between aspects of business planning such as goals, visions, strategies and governance principles; aspects of business operations such as business terms, organization structures, processes and data; aspects of automation such as information systems and databases; and the enabling technological infrastructure of the business such as computers, operating systems and networks. While EA frameworks and models provide valuable guidance on the content of enterprise architectures, there is literally no guidance how to successfully manage the process of creating, changing, and using Enterprise Architecture. This guidance is crucially important. Without it, it is highly unlikely that an organization can successfully produce a complete and enforceable EA for optimizing its business value and mission performance of its systems. For example, effective development of a complete EA needs a corporate commitment with senior management sponsorship. Enterprise Architecture development should be managed as a formal program by an Enterprise Architecture Department that is held accountable for success. Since that EA facilitates change based upon the changing business environment of the organization, the enterprise architect is the organization’s primary change agent. Effective implementation requires establishment of business and system compliance with the enterprise architecture, as well as continuous assessment and enforcement of compliance. Waiver of these requirements may occur only after careful, thorough, and documented business case analysis. Without these commitments, responsibilities, and tools, the risk is great that business changes or new systems will not meet organizations business needs, will be incompatible, will perform poorly, and will cost more to develop, integrate, and maintain than is warranted. For ordering the book directly at the Publisher, go to: http://www.trafford.com/07-2553 Ordering this guide directly at the website of the Publisher is the easiest and fastest way of getting this guide.

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Content

Preface ---------------------------------------------------------------9
Content --------------------------------------------------------------11
Figures --------------------------------------------------------------19
Tables ---------------------------------------------------------------23
1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------25
1.1 Purpose ------------------------------------------------------------------25
1.2 Scope --------------------------------------------------------------------25
1.3 Audience -----------------------------------------------------------------25
1.4 Guide Overview -----------------------------------------------------------26
1.5 Guide Sections ------------------------------------------------------------26
1.6 How to Use this Guide -----------------------------------------------------28
2 Definitions, Drivers and Principles ---------------------------------31
2.1 Enterprise Architecture Defined ---------------------------------------------31
2.2 The Uses and Benefits of Enterprise Architecture ----------------------------31
2.3 Enterprise Architecture Principles, Rules, Guidelines & Standards --------------34
2.4 The Enterprise Life Cycle ---------------------------------------------------36
2.5 The Enterprise Architecture Program (EAP) ----------------------------------37
3 Determine Enterprise Architecture Maturity -----------------------39
3.1 How to Plan the EA Maturity Growth -----------------------------------------40
3.1.1 Business Value of Enhancing EA Maturity -----------------------------------40
3.1.2 Need for Consistent and Complementary Maturity Models --------------------41
3.2 Public Enterprise Architecture Maturity Models --------------------------------41
3.2.1 USA - GAO – EAMMF ------------------------------------------------------41
3.2.2 USA - OMB EAAF Overview ------------------------------------------------44
3.2.3 IFEAD - Extended Enterprise Architecture Maturity Model (E2AMM) ----------45
3.3 Emphasis on Benefits at Each Level and Each Aspect -------------------------45
4 Initiate an Enterprise Architecture Program -----------------------47
4.1 Obtain Executive Buy-in and Support ----------------------------------------47
4.1.1 Ensure Organization Management Buy-in and Support -----------------------47
4.1.2 Issue an Executive Enterprise Architecture Policy ---------------------------48
4.1.3 Obtain Support from Senior Executives and Business Units -------------------48
4.2 Establish Management Structure and Control ---------------------------------49
4.2.1 Establish (Extended) Enterprise Portfolio Management (E(2)PM) --------------50
4.2.2 Establish IT Portfolio Management (ITPM) ----------------------------------51
4.2.3 Establish an EA Steering Committee (EASC) --------------------------------51
4.2.4 Appoint Chief Enterprise Architect -----------------------------------------51
4.2.5 Establish an Enterprise Architecture Office (EAO) ---------------------------52
4.3 Enterprise Architecture Program Activities and Results ------------------------54
4.3.1 Develop an Enterprise Architecture Marketing Strategy and Communications Plan 54
4.3.2 Develop an EA Program Management Plan ---------------------------------55
4.3.3 Initiate Development of the Enterprise Architecture -----------------------55
5 Define an Enterprise Architecture Process and Approach -----------57
5.1 Define the Intended Use (Goals) of the Enterprise Architecture ----------------58
5.2 Define the Scope of the Enterprise Architecture ------------------------------58
5.3 Determine the Complexity and depth of the Enterprise Architecture ------------59
5.4 Role and Benefits of an Enterprise Architecture Framework --------------------59
5.5 Evaluate and Select an EA Framework ---------------------------------------60
5.5.1 Creating an Enterprise Architecture Framework or… ------------------------60
5.5.2 Choosing an Enterprise Architecture framework ----------------------------61
5.5.3 Examples of common used Enterprise Architecture frameworks -------------62
5.5.4 Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework, USA --------------------------63
5.5.5 Extended Enterprise Architecture Framework (E2AF), IFEAD ----------------65
5.6 Analyze Stakeholders and Define Viewpoint sets ----------------------------71
5.6.1 Identify your Enterprise Stakeholders -------------------------------------71
5.6.2 Prioritize Your Enterprise Stakeholders ------------------------------------71
5.6.3 Understanding your key Enterprise Stakeholders ----------------------------72
5.6.4 Weighting Extended Enterprise Stakeholders Viewpoints --------------------73
5.7 Identify your Extended Enterprise Architecture Viewpoint Sets ---------------74
5.7.1 Stakeholders responsibilities and their sets of viewpoints -------------------74
5.7.2 Economic set of viewpoints -----------------------------------------------75
5.7.3 Legal set of viewpoints ---------------------------------------------------75
5.7.4 Ethical set of viewpoints --------------------------------------------------75
5.7.5 Discretionary set of viewpoints --------------------------------------------75
5.8 Define your EA Process Principles -------------------------------------------76
5.8.1 EA Process Principles in General ------------------------------------------76
5.9 Define or Select your EA Process -------------------------------------------79
5.9.1 Enterprise Architecture Process - IFEAD ------------------------------------79
5.9.2 TOGAF Architecture Development Method ----------------------------------84
5.10 Define or Select the Appropriate EA Results ---------------------------------86
5.10.1 Select EA Results that Represent the Business & IT of the Enterprise -------86
5.10.2 EA Results / Deliverables List (non limitative) ------------------------------86
5.11 Select an EA Toolset ------------------------------------------------------89
5.11.1 Good Practice in EA Landscape Visualisations -----------------------------90
5.11.2 EA Tools Review Framework ---------------------------------------------90
5.11.3 Candidate Tool Requirements Checklist ----------------------------------91
6 Develop the Enterprise Architecture ------------------------------93
6.1 Collect Information ------------------------------------------------------94
6.2 Create EA Results and Populate EA Repository -----------------------------95
6.2.1 Essentials in Creating the Current Enterprise Architecture ----------------97
6.2.2 Essentials in Creating the Future Enterprise Architecture -----------------97
6.2.3 Review, Validate, and Refine Results ------------------------------------99
6.3 Develop the Transformation Plan ------------------------------------------99
6.3.1 Identify Gaps ----------------------------------------------------------101
6.3.2 Implement an EA Measurement Program ---------------------------------101
6.3.3 Define and Differentiate Business, Processes, Legacy, Migration, and New Systems101
6.3.4 Planning the Transformation ---------------------------------------------103
6.4 Approve, Publish, and Disseminate the EA Results --------------------------104
7 Use the Enterprise Architecture ---------------------------------107
7.1 Align the EA Program with the Budgeting Processes -----------------------108
7.1.1 Train Personnel -------------------------------------------------------108
7.1.2 Establish Enforcement Processes and Procedures -------------------------109
7.2 Execute the Transformation Plan -----------------------------------------110
7.2.1 Initiate New and Follow-on Projects --------------------------------------111
7.2.2 Execute the Projects ----------------------------------------------------114
7.2.3 Complete the Program / Project ------------------------------------------116
7.3 Other Uses of the EA -----------------------------------------------------118
8 Maintain the Enterprise Architecture ---------------------------119
8.1 Enterprise Architecture Maintenance -----------------------------------119
8.2 Maintain the Enterprise Architecture as the Enterprise Ev-----------------119
8.2.1 Reassess the Enterprise Architecture Periodically -----------------------120
8.2.2 Manage Results to Reflect Reality -------------------------------------120
8.3 Continue to Consider Proposals for EA Modifications ----------------------122
8.4 Continuously Control and Oversee the Enterprise Architecture Program -----123
8.4.1 Ensure Necessary EA Program Management Controls Are in Place and Functioning 124
8.4.2 Identify Where EA Program Expectations Are Not Being Met --------------125
8.4.3 Take Appropriate Actions to Address Deviations -------------------------126
8.4.4 Ensure Continuous Improvement ----------------------------------------126
9 Governance Models for Enterprise Architecture ------------------129
9.1 Positioning of Enterprise Governance -----------------------------------129
9.1.1 Positioning of EA in relation to Strategy & Planning and Enterprise Program Management 130
9.1.2 Concepts of Enterprise Governance ---------------------------------131
9.2 Understanding Different Enterprise Architecture Governance Models -------132
9.2.1 Centralized EA governance -------------------------------------------133
9.2.2 Decentralized EA governance -----------------------------------------134
9.2.3 Federated EA governance ---------------------------------------------135
9.3 Creating EA Stakeholders Commitment ------------------------------------136
9.3.1 Successful stakeholdering for Enterprise Architecture Programs & Governance 136
9.3.2 Key elements of a successful stakeholder process ------------------------136
9.3.3 Identifying Groups of stakeholders ---------------------------------------137
9.3.4 Benefits of Keeping Stakeholders Involved --------------------------------138
9.4 Accountability of EA Governance organisations ------------------------------138
9.5 Critical success factors for EA Governance ----------------------------------141
9.6 Synopsis of best practices and future trends --------------------------------141
9.7 Recommendations for successful Enterprise Architecture Governance ---------142
10 Assessments of Enterprise Architectures -----------------------145
10.1 Proven approach for Enterprise Architecture assessments ------------------145
10.1.1 Goals and objectives of the Enterprise Architecture ----------------------146
10.1.2 Observing the Enterprise Architecture Program & Process -----------------146
10.2 The Enterprise Architecture Score Card™ ----------------------------------147
10.2.1 Explanation of the used criteria & terminology ----------------------------149
10.2.2 Explanation about the Calculations --------------------------------------149
10.2.3 Assessment of Maintainability -------------------------------------------150
10.2.4 Benefits of the EA Score Card -------------------------------------------150
11 How to define the Economic Value of Enterprise Architecture --151
11.1 Different Views, Different Values -----------------------------------------151
11.1.1 Business View ----------------------------------------------------------152
11.1.2 Technology View ------------------------------------------------------153
11.1.3 Market View -----------------------------------------------------------155
11.1.4 Value View -------------------------------------------------------------155
11.2 The role of EA Frameworks in defining Value -------------------------------156
11.3 Enterprise Architecture as a Management Tool -----------------------------158
11.4 The Enterprise Architecture Measurement Program & Frameworksm ----------158
11.4.1 EA Measurement objectives ---------------------------------------------158
11.5 Why to Measure? --------------------------------------------------------159
11.6 What to Measure? -------------------------------------------------------160
11.6.1 Costs & Benefits of the EA practice itself --------------------------------160
11.6.2 Effected Costs & Benefits of EA programs --------------------------------160
11.6.3 Collecting Data ---------------------------------------------------------161
11.6.4 Dealing with Risks & Uncertainty ----------------------------------------162
11.7 How to Measure in the Context of the Desired Outcome? -------------------162
11.7.1 Criteria for EA Measurement ---------------------------------------------163
11.7.2 EA Measurement Process -----------------------------------------------164
11.7.3 Transpose EA Measurements in Financial terms --------------------------165
11.7.4 Plan EA Measurement Program -----------------------------------------165
11.7.5 The Select, Control, Evaluate Approach --------------------------------166
11.8 Which What to Measure? -----------------------------------------------167
11.8.1 EA investment methods & frameworks -----------------------------------167
11.8.2 Mapping methods & techniques to the EA Value Model --------------------168
11.9 Where & When to Measure? ----------------------------------------------169
11.10 Some Golden Rules -----------------------------------------------------170
12 Compliancy & Enterprise Architecture ---------------------------171
12.1 What is Compliance? ----------------------------------------------------171
12.2 Defining Rules ---------------------------------------------------------171
12.3 Verifiable Compliance ---------------------------------------------------172
12.4 Doing vs. Being ---------------------------------------------------------172
12.5 Auditing vs. Enforcement -----------------------------------------------173
12.6 Compliance and Law & Legislations --------------------------------------173
12.6.1 HIPAA ----------------------------------------------------------------173
12.6.2 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act -----------------------------------------------174
12.6.3 21 CFR Part 11 --------------------------------------------------------176
12.6.4 Other Laws ------------------------------------------------------------177
12.7 Comparing of several functional and system requirements ------------------178
12.7.1 Planning for Compliance: Compliance Aware Reference Architecture -------179
12.8 Wrap up -----------------------------------------------------------------182
13 All You need to know about EA & Services Orientation ----------183
13.1 Enterprise Architecture in the Context of Services Orientation -------------183
13.2 Differences between hype, Hope and Reality -----------------------------184
13.3 Services Paradigm Adoption (SPA) --------------------------------------185
13.4 Services Oriented Enterprise (SOE) --------------------------------------186
13.4.1 What is a Service? ----------------------------------------------------186
13.4.2 Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Service Definition ------------------------187
13.4.3 Top-Down — SPA / SOE / SOA ----------------------------------------187
13.4.4 Bottom-Up — SOC / SOA ----------------------------------------------188
13.5 Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) --------------------------------------188
13.6 Services Oriented Computing (SOC) ---------------------------------------189
13.6.1 Web Services ----------------------------------------------------------190
13.7 Services Transition Plan (STP) --------------------------------------------190
13.7.1 Invest in an Impact Analysis before Developing the Transition Plan --------190
13.8 Governance of Services --------------------------------------------------191
13.8.1 Management of Services ------------------------------------------------191
13.8.2 Requirements for Services Management ---------------------------------192
13.8.3 Testing of Services ----------------------------------------------------193
13.9 Critical Success Factors (CSF’s) In SO, Adaptation & Implementation -------194
13.9.1 Services Oriented Maturity ---------------------------------------------194
13.9.2 Choreography of Services ----------------------------------------------196
13.9.3 Quality of Services -----------------------------------------------------196
13.9.4 Granularity of Services -------------------------------------------------197
14 Enterprise Portfolio Management & EA --------------------------199
14.1 What is Enterprise Portfolio Management? ---------------------------------199
14.2 Definition of (Extended) Enterprise Portfolio Management (E2PM) -----------200
14.3 The Building Blocks of E(2)PM, Triple-A ------------------------------------200
14.4 Enterprise Architecture: Foundation for EPM -------------------------------201
15 Planning for the Extended Enterprise ----------------------------------------203
15.1 Introduction to the connected economy -----------------------------------203
15.2 What is the Extended Enterprise? -----------------------------------------203
15.3 The windows of opportunity ----------------------------------------------203
15.4 Strategic Options multiply in an Extended Enterprise ------------------------204
15.5 The Factors that will force Change Fastest --------------------------------205
15.6 The Rate of Change ------------------------------------------------------205
15.7 Technology Enables Us to Reach a Higher Level of Extendibility -------------206
15.8 Extended Technology ----------------------------------------------------206
15.9 Extended Enterprise Architecture: Criteria to Evaluate ---------------------207
15.10 Questions to Address when discussing the Extended Enterprise concept ---209
16 EA Good Practices Guide — Summary ---------------------------211
Appendix A: EA Roles and Responsibilities -------------------------213
Appendix B: Term & Definitions ------------------------------------217
Appendix C: Acronyms & Abbreviations ---------------------------233
Appendix D: Guiding Principles + Examples ------------------------235
D.1 Categories of Principles ------------------------------------------------235
D.2 Characteristics of Enterprise Architecture Principles ---------------------236
D.3 Components of Enterprise Architecture Principles ------------------------237
D.4 Developing Enterprise Architecture Principles ----------------------------238
D.5 Qualities of Principles --------------------------------------------------238
D.6 Applying Enterprise Architecture Principles ------------------------------239
D.7 Enterprise Architecture Principles ---------------------------------------240
D.8 Business Principles -----------------------------------------------------240
D.9 Data Principles ---------------------------------------------------------244
D.10 Application Principles --------------------------------------------------249
D.11 Technical Principles ----------------------------------------------------250
D.12 Enterprise Architecture Principles ---------------------------------------253
Appendix E: Views & Viewpoints in Extended Enterprise Architecture 257
E.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------257
E.2 Basic Concepts from IEEE 1471-2000 -------------------------------------257
E.3 Extended Enterprise Architecture Viewpoints and Views --------------------259
Appendix F: Extended Enterprise Architecture Framework (E2AF) Essentials 263
F.1 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------263
F.1.1 Intended audience --------------------------------------------------263
F.2 ‘Enterprise Architecture’ -----------------------------------------------264
F.2.1 The definition of enterprise architecture ------------------------------264
F.2.2 The role of Enterprise architecture -----------------------------------264
F.3 Enterprise Architecture Prescriptions -----------------------------------267
F.3.1 Enterprise architecture Drivers, Guiding Principles and Rules ------------267
F.3.2 Enterprise Architecture Context Principles and Rules -------------------267
F.3.3 Separation of Concerns ----------------------------------------------272
F.3.4 Enterprise Architectural design principles and rules ---------------------275
F.4 Translation of EA Principles and Rules into a Framework ------------------276
F.4.1 Enterprise Architecture Environment Principles and Rules ----------------276
F.4.2 Definition of the major enterprise architecture aspect areas ------------276
F.4.3 Separation of levels of abstraction ------------------------------------277
F.4.4 Combining aspect areas with abstraction levels ------------------------277
F.4.5 Adding Viewpoints to the framework ----------------------------------277
F.4.6 Integrating all these elements into a Framework -----------------------278
F.5 Extended Enterprise Architecture Framework (E2AF) ---------------------278
F.5.1 Visualization of E2AF -------------------------------------------------278
F.5.2 Why E2AF ----------------------------------------------------------279
F.5.3 How to use E2AF ----------------------------------------------------279
F.5.4 E2AF Full Blown ------------------------------------------------------279
Appendix G: Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guidelines -----281
G.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------281
G.2 EA Landscape Mindset --------------------------------------------------281
G.2.1 Good Practice in EA Landscape Visualisations ---------------------------281
G.3 EA Tools Review Framework ---------------------------------------------282
G.4 Functionality Dimension -------------------------------------------------282
G.4.1 Methodologies and Models ---------------------------------------------283
G.4.2 Model Development Interface ------------------------------------------283
G.4.3 Tool Automation ------------------------------------------------------283
G.4.4 Extendibility and Customization ----------------------------------------284
G.4.5 Analysis and Manipulation ----------------------------------------------284
G.4.6 Repository ------------------------------------------------------------285
G.4.7 Deployment Architecture ----------------------------------------------285
G.4.8 Costs and Vendor Support ---------------------------------------------286
G.5 Different Professionals Dimension -----------------------------------------286
G.5.1 Enterprise Architects --------------------------------------------------286
G.5.2 Strategic Planners ----------------------------------------------------287
G.5.3 Enterprise Program Managers -------------------------------------------287
G.6 Candidate Tool Requirements Checklist -----------------------------------287
G.6.1 Candidate list of EA Tool Requirements & Specifications ------------------288
G.6.2 The purpose of adopting an EA Tool? ------------------------------------296
Appendix H: EA Quality of Services (Space Ufo Method) -------------297
H.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------97
H.2 Enterprise Architecture SPACE-UFO Methodology ------------------------298
H.2.1 The high level -------------------------------------------------------299
H.2.2 The conceptual level -------------------------------------------------299
H.2.3 ISO / IEC / NEN 9126 Quality Model ----------------------------------300
H.2.4 The instrumental and technical level -----------------------------------302
H.2.5 The Weighted Criteria Method for Quality Categories ---------------------303
H.2.6 Quality Profiles --------------------------------------------------------304
Appendix I: TOGAF - Architecture Development Method (ADM) -----307
I.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------307
I.1.1 History ----------------------------------------------------------------307
I.1.2 Purpose ----------------------------------------------------------------307
I.2 TOGAF Enterprise Architecture --------------------------------------------307
I.2.1 Scope -----------------------------------------------------------------307
I.2.2 Principles --------------------------------------------------------------308
I.2.3 Structure --------------------------------------------------------------309
I.2.4 Guidance --------------------------------------------------------------310
I.3 Enterprise Continuum -----------------------------------------------------311
I.3.1 TOGAF Resource Base ---------------------------------------------------312
I.3.2 The SIB has three main uses: --------------------------------------------313
I.3.3 TOGAF Support ----------------------------------------------------------313
Appendix J: Examples of Enterprise Architecture Results / Deliverables 315
J.1 EA Standard Deliverables Overview ---------------------------------------315
J.2 EA Deliverables List (non limitative) ---------------------------------------315
J.3 All View: EA-1 - Overview and Summary -----------------------------------318
J.3.1 Project Identification ---------------------------------------------------318
J.3.2 Scope -----------------------------------------------------------------318
J.3.3 Purpose ----------------------------------------------------------------318
J.3.4 Context ----------------------------------------------------------------318
J.4 EA-2 Mission & Vision Statements -----------------------------------------319
J.5 EA-3 Information Dictionary & Common Data Model -------------------------319
J.6 EA-4 Enterprise Architecture Principle Overview ----------------------------320
J.7 EA-5 Enterprise Architecture sets of viewpoints ----------------------------320
J.8 EA-6 Business Activity – Information Exchange Diagram ---------------------321
J.8.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------321
J.9 EA-7 Business Activity / Information Exchange – Systems Mapping -----------322
J.9.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------322
J.10 EA-8 Information Systems –Mappings & Views -----------------------------323
J.10.1 Viewpoints & Views -----------------------------------------------------324
J.10.2 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------327
J.11 EA-9 Information Systems – Technical Infrastructure Mapping --------------328
J.11.1 Comments -------------------------------------------------------------328
J.12 BA-1 Business Concept Diagram ------------------------------------------329
J.12.1 Comments -------------------------------------------------------------329
J.13 BA-2 Business Function Model ---------------------------------------------330
J.13.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------330
J.14 BA-3 Business Node Connectivity ------------------------------------------331
J.14.1 Information Exchange Matrix ---------------------------------------------333
J.14.2 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------334
J.15 BA-3 Organization Relationship Diagram ------------------------------------336
J.15.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------337
J.16 BA-4 Business Process or Activity Models ----------------------------------338
J.16.1 Business Process Model Archimate ---------------------------------------338
J.16.2 Business Process Model IDEF --------------------------------------------339
J.16.3 Activity Tree -----------------------------------------------------------340
J.16.4 Business Activity Model UML ---------------------------------------------341
J.16.5 Workflow Model ECOMOD ------------------------------------------------341
J.16.6 Services Model ---------------------------------------------------------341
J.16.7 Business Use Case Models -----------------------------------------------342
J.16.8 Class Model ------------------------------------------------------------345
J.16.9 State Model -----------------------------------------------------------346
J.16.10 Comments -------------------------------------------------------------347
J.17 BA-5 Business Activity Descriptions ----------------------------------------348
J.17.1 BA-5A Business Rules ---------------------------------------------------348
J.17.2 Comments -------------------------------------------------------------348
J.18 Operational Event Trace Descriptions -------------------------------------349
J.18.1 BA-5B Event Trace for Pickup Use Case ---------------------------------349
J.19 BA-5C Event Trace for Deliver Use Case -----------------------------------350
J.19.1 Comments ------------------------------------------------------------350
J.20 IA-3 Logical Information / Data Model ------------------------------------351
J.20.1 Comments ------------------------------------------------------------351
J.21 Traceability among Results in the EA's Business View ----------------------352
J.22 ISA-1 Information Systems Interface Description & Connectivity Diagram ---353
J.22.1 Comments ------------------------------------------------------------354
J.23 ISA-2 Information Systems Communications -------------------------------355
J.23.1 Comments -------------------------------------------------------------355
J.24 ISA-3 Information Systems Functionality Description -----------------------356
J.24.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------356
J.25 ISA4 - Business Activity to Information Systems Function Traceability -------357
J.25.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------357
J.26 ISA-5 – Information Systems Life Cycle / Evolution Description --------------358
J.26.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------358
J.27 ISA-6 – Information Systems Technology Forecast -------------------------359
J.27.1 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------359
J.28 ISA-7 – Information Systems Functionality Sequence and Timing Descriptions (generic examples) 360
J.28.1 ISA-7A Information Systems Rules Model ---------------------------------360
J.28.2 ISA-7B Information Systems State Transition Description ------------------360
J.28.3 ISA-7C Information Systems Event Trace Description ---------------------361
J.28.4 Comments --------------------------------------------------------------361
J.29 ISA-8 – Information Systems Logical Data Schema -------------------------362
J.29.1 Comments -------------------------------------------------------------362
J.30 TA-1 Standards Profile ---------------------------------------------------363
J.30.1 Comments ------------------------------------------------------------363
J.30.2 Mandated Standards ---------------------------------------------------363
J.30.3 Emerging Standards -----------------------------------------------------366
J.31 TA-2 Technical Reference Model ------------------------------------------369
Appendix K: Enterprise Architecture Modelling ----------------------371
K.1 Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------371
K.2 The ArchiMate Modelling Language --------------------------------------373
K.3 The ArchiMate Background ----------------------------------------------374
K.4 Layered Viewpoints -----------------------------------------------------375
Appendix L: Other EA Books in this series ---------------------------379
17 References & Bibliography ---------------------------------------381
18 Related Links -----------------------------------------------------385
19 About the Author -------------------------------------------------387

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About the Author Jaap Schekkerman, B.Sc. (1953) is an international recognized Thought Leader in the areas of Business Technology Strategy & Enterprise Architecture and the Founder and President of the ‘Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments’ (IFEAD) the Netherlands (2001). This institute is today one of the most important sources of information related to Enterprise Architecture and working close together with other research organizations, institutes and universities all over the world to create an independent platform for Enterprise Architecture research, developments and knowledge exchange. Mr. Schekkerman is managing IFEAD besides his Management Consulting and Enterprise Architecture Thought Leader activities for LOGICA a world-class Business & IT services organization. Mr. Schekkerman is working for more then 30 years in the Business, IT & Consultants world and has more then 25 years experience in managing complex and large enterprise architecture programs in the Defense World, the Governmental area, Healthcare, Travel Industry and High Tech Industry. Mr. Schekkerman is giving lectures on Enterprise Architecture at different Universities and received an engineer’s degree in electronic engineering and information technology and a degree in clinical chemistry and business economics. Mr. Schekkerman has published more then 45 articles and several books on topics related to Enterprise Architecture. He is a frequently invited and highly appreciated speaker on national and international congresses and symposia. For more information about his publications, visit the web site of the Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments. http://www.enterprise-architecture.info Contact Mr. J. Schekkerman; E-mail: jschekkerman@enterprise-architecture.info For more information visit our website. Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments Att. Mr. J. Schekkerman Suikerpeergaarde 4 3824BC, Amersfoort The Netherlands E-mail: jschekkerman@enterprise-architecture.info